Allergic Rhinitis

AR

Allergic rhinitis (AR) (commonly referred to as Hay Fever) is a seasonal allergic respiratory condition largely driven by inflammation mediated by allergens. The most common allergens are pollens, dust mites, moulds, and insects, which when inhaled result in sneezing, itching, airflow obstruction (wheezing), and rhinorrhoea (a runny nose). 1,2

AR often co-exists with other conditions such as asthma, sinusitis, nasal polyposis, upper respiratory tract infections, middle ear infections, sleep disorders, and impaired learning and attention in children.1

AR therapy is based on allergen avoidance, and the administration of anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., antihistamines, corticosteroids). Allergen-specific immunotherapy for induction of tolerance is a potential treatment option, however availability of this treatment may be limited. Patient dissatisfaction has been identified in AR surveys indicating the need for new treatment options.3

Allergic Rhinitis

AR

Allergic rhinitis (AR) (commonly referred to as Hay Fever) is a seasonal allergic respiratory condition largely driven by inflammation mediated by allergens. The most common allergens are pollens, dust mites, moulds, and insects, which when inhaled result in sneezing, itching, airflow obstruction (wheezing), and rhinorrhoea (a runny nose). 1,2

AR often co-exists with other conditions such as asthma, sinusitis, nasal polyposis, upper respiratory tract infections, middle ear infections, sleep disorders, and impaired learning and attention in children.1

AR therapy is based on allergen avoidance, and the administration of anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., antihistamines, corticosteroids). Allergen-specific immunotherapy for induction of tolerance is a potential treatment option, however availability of this treatment may be limited. Patient dissatisfaction has been identified in AR surveys indicating the need for new treatment options.3

Key AR Figures

Market size (USD) by 20251
$15B+
Global adult pop
with AR2
≤ 30%
Global paediatric
population with AR2
40%
AR patients that have asthma2
≥ 40%

Key AR Figures

Market size (USD) by 20251
$15B+
Global adult
pop. with AR2
≤ 30%
Global paediatric
pop. with AR2
40%
AR patients that have asthma2
≥ 40%

Drug in development

Pentosan
Polysulfate
Sodium

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of PPS relevant to the treatment of AR is the:

- Inhibition of TH2 (T helper 2) cytokines involved in the development of allergic responses.5

Allergen

Development milestones

Preclinical studies performed at Lund University, Sweden demonstrated that intranasal delivered PPS inhibited AR in a validated Guinea pig model.5 This observation led to A) the formulation of an intranasal PPS spray for clinical assessment B) no serious adverse events in a phase 1 study of intranasal PPS spray5 and C) completion of a Paradigm-sponsored phase 2a randomised double-blind placebo cross over clinical trial in Sweden. In May 2017, Paradigm reported that phase 2a study did not meet its primary clinical endpoints.

Paradigm is considering the potential of second-generation PPS molecules to address the therapeutic efficacy in this disease state.

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